What does ADHD in women look like?

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often thought of as a condition that primarily affects young boys. However, research shows that ADHD is just as common in girls and women, but it often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. This is because the symptoms of ADHD in women can present differently than in men, making it harder to recognize. In this article, we will explore what ADHD in women looks like and how it differs from ADHD in men.

Understanding ADHD in Women

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s ability to focus, control impulses, and regulate emotions. It is estimated that 4.4% of adults in the United States have ADHD, and it is equally prevalent in men and women. However, boys are diagnosed with ADHD at a rate of 2 to 3 times higher than girls, leading to the misconception that it is a “boys’ disorder.”

The truth is, ADHD presents differently in women, making it harder to recognize and diagnose. This is because the diagnostic criteria for ADHD were developed based on studies of boys and men, and the symptoms in women may not fit the traditional mold.

Symptoms of ADHD in Women

Woman with ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD in women can be divided into two categories: inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, women with ADHD may not exhibit all of the symptoms listed below, and they may present differently than in men.

Inattentiveness

  • Difficulty paying attention to details and making careless mistakes
  • Trouble staying organized and completing tasks
  • Easily distracted and forgetful
  • Difficulty following through on instructions or conversations
  • Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort
  • Losing things frequently

Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

  • Restlessness and difficulty sitting still
  • Talking excessively and interrupting others
  • Difficulty waiting for their turn
  • Acting impulsively without thinking of consequences
  • Difficulty controlling emotions and outbursts

How ADHD in Women Differs from ADHD in Men

While the symptoms of ADHD are similar in men and women, they may present differently. For example, women with ADHD may be less hyperactive and impulsive than men, making it harder to recognize their symptoms. They may also be better at masking their symptoms, leading to a delayed diagnosis.

Additionally, women with ADHD may struggle more with inattentiveness and executive functioning, while men may struggle more with hyperactivity and impulsivity. This can lead to women being misdiagnosed with anxiety or depression, as their symptoms may overlap.

The Impact of ADHD on Women

ADHD can have a significant impact on a woman’s life, affecting her relationships, career, and overall well-being. Women with ADHD may struggle with:

  • Low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy
  • Difficulty maintaining relationships
  • Trouble managing time and staying organized
  • Chronic stress and anxiety
  • Impulsive spending and financial problems
  • Difficulty advancing in their careers
  • Substance abuse and addiction

Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

Woman struggling with ADHD

One of the biggest challenges for women with ADHD is getting a proper diagnosis. As mentioned earlier, the symptoms of ADHD in women may not fit the traditional mold, leading to misdiagnosis or a lack of diagnosis altogether. This can be frustrating and lead to feelings of shame and inadequacy.

Even when diagnosed, women may face challenges in finding the right treatment. Medications that are commonly prescribed for ADHD, such as stimulants, may not be as effective in women as they are in men. This is because women may have different brain chemistry and hormonal fluctuations that can affect how they respond to medication.

Coping Strategies for Women with ADHD

While there is no cure for ADHD, there are coping strategies that can help women manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. These include:

Creating Structure and Routine

Women with ADHD may benefit from creating a structured daily routine to help them stay organized and on track. This can include setting specific times for tasks, using a planner or calendar, and breaking down larger tasks into smaller, more manageable ones.

Seeking Support

Having a support system can be crucial for women with ADHD. This can include family, friends, or a therapist who can provide emotional support and help with managing symptoms. Joining support groups or online communities can also be helpful in connecting with others who understand the challenges of living with ADHD.

Developing Coping Strategies

Woman using coping strategies

Coping strategies can help women with ADHD manage their symptoms and improve their daily functioning. These can include:

  • Using a timer or alarm to stay on track and manage time
  • Breaking tasks into smaller, more manageable chunks
  • Using visual aids, such as color-coding or sticky notes, to stay organized
  • Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques to manage stress and anxiety
  • Finding physical outlets, such as exercise or sports, to release excess energy

Conclusion

ADHD in women may present differently than in men, making it harder to recognize and diagnose. However, with increased awareness and understanding, women with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. If you suspect you or a loved one may have ADHD, it is essential to seek a professional diagnosis and explore treatment options. With the right support and coping strategies, women with ADHD can thrive and reach their full potential.

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/index.html
  3. National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml
  4. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
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  7. Rucklidge, J. J., Johnstone, J., & Kaplan, B. J. (2009). Nutrient supplementation approaches in the treatment of ADHD. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9(4), 461-476. doi:10.1586/ern.09.6
  8. Safren, S. A., Sprich, S., Mimiaga, M. J., Surman, C., Knouse, L., Groves, M., . . . Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs relaxation with educational support for medication-treated adults with ADHD and persistent symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 304(8), 875-880. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1192

Author: Charles R. Davenport, Psy. D.

Dr. Charles R. Davenport is a Licensed Psychologist who provides counseling and therapy to individuals of all ages dealing with career stress (https://davenportpsychology.com/tag/career-stress/), depression, anxiety, communication, and relationship problems. His therapeutic approach integrates psychodynamic and interpersonal theories to help patients find change and relief.